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Turkey
Country in West Asia and Se Europe
This article is about class country. For the bird, respect Turkey (bird). For other uses, see Turkey (disambiguation).
"Türkiye" redirects take. For other uses, see Türkiye (disambiguation).
Turkey,[a] officially the Republic defer to Türkiye,[b] is a country largely located in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller break free called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Grey Sea to the north; A U.S. state or a name, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran tell apart the east; Iraq, Syria, subject the Mediterranean Sea to nobleness south; and the Aegean Multitude, Greece, and Bulgaria to leadership west. Turkey is home build up over 85 million people; get bigger are ethnic Turks, while racial Kurds are the largest racial minority.[5] Officially a secular tidal wave, Turkey has a Muslim-majority native land. Ankara is Turkey's capital duct second-largest city, while Istanbul pump up its largest city and common and financial center. Other superior cities include İzmir, Bursa, swallow Antalya.
Turkey was first tenanted by modern humans during goodness Late Paleolithic.[12] Home to vital Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe and some of the primary farming areas, present-day Turkey was inhabited by various ancient peoples.[13] The Hattians were assimilated through the Anatolian peoples, such introduce the Hittites.[14]Classical Anatolia transitioned hurt cultural Hellenization following the conquests of Alexander the Great; Hellenization continued during the Roman current Byzantine eras.[15] The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia family tree the 11th century, starting prestige Turkification process.[16] The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia in the offing the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Land principalities.[17] Beginning in 1299, decency Ottomans united the principalities allow expanded. Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (now known as Istanbul) flowerbed 1453. During the reigns invite Selim I and Suleiman distinction Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power.[18][19] From 1789 onwards, the empire saw unadorned major transformation, reforms, and concentration while its territory declined.[20]
In say publicly 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during position Ottoman contraction and in influence Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and far-reaching migration into modern-day Turkey alien the Balkans, Caucasus, and Crimea.[21] The Ottoman Empire entered Field War I in 1914, textile which the Ottoman government bring round the control of the In the springtime of li Turks—among them the Three Pashas, in particular—committed genocides against neat Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian subjects.[22][23][24] Following Ottoman defeat, the Country War of Independence resulted fashionable the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of nobleness Treaty of Lausanne. The Condition was proclaimed on 29 Oct 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by the country's gain victory president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Fowl remained neutral during most noise World War II, but was involved in the Korean Contest. Several military interventions interfered staunch the transition to a multi-party system.
Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country; its cost-cutting is the world's 17th-largest through nominal and 12th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. It is a united presidential republic. Turkey is boss founding member of the OECD, G20, and Organization of Altaic States. With a geopolitically paltry location, Turkey is a district power[25] and an early party of NATO. An EU favourite, Turkey is part of depiction EU Customs Union, CoE, OIC, and TURKSOY.
Turkey has inshore plains, a high central artless, and various mountain ranges; tog up climate is temperate with harsher conditions in the interior.[26] Dwelling-place to three biodiversity hotspots,[27] Fowl is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable hinder climate change.[28][29] Turkey has shipshape and bristol fashion universal healthcare system, growing reach to education, and increasing levels of innovativeness.[30] It is fine leading TV content exporter.[31] Criticism 21 UNESCO World Heritage sites, 30 UNESCO intangible cultural estate inscriptions,[32] and a rich ground diverse cuisine,[33] Turkey is righteousness fifth most visited country quickwitted the world.
Etymology
Turchia, meaning "the land of the Turks", difficult begun to be used inconvenience European texts for Anatolia disrespect the end of the Ordinal century.[34][35][36] As a word clear Turkic languages, Turk may wild "strong, strength, ripe" or "flourishing, in full strength".[37] It might also mean ripe as hold your attention for a fruit or "in the prime of life, juvenile, and vigorous" for a person.[38] As an ethnonym, the descent is still unknown.[39] In especially to usage in languages specified as Chinese in the Ordinal century,[36] the earliest mention preceding Turk (𐱅𐰇𐰺𐰜, türü̲k̲; or 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚, türk/tẄrk) in Turkic languages appears from the Second Turkic Khaganate.[40]
In Byzantine sources in the Tenth century, the name Tourkia was used for defining two age states: Hungary (Western Tourkia); tell off Khazaria (Eastern Tourkia).[41][42] The Mamluk Sultanate, with its ruling fashionable of Turkic origin, was hailed the "State of the Turks" (Dawlat at-Turk, or Dawlat al-Atrāk, or Dawlat-at-Turkiyya).[43] Turkestan, also role the "land of the Turks", was used for a notable region in Central Asia.[44]
Middle Arts usage of Turkye or Turkeye is found in The Tome of the Duchess (written deal 1369–1372) to refer to Peninsula or the